Doors are made of boards, furniture panels or beams according to previously prepared drawings. To understand what and how wooden doors are made of, we will familiarize ourselves with their varieties.
Types of doors by design
An array of boxes has the following advantages:
- low thermal conductivity;
- high strength and frost resistance;
- durability;
- environmental friendliness;
- the opportunity to implement various design ideas.
At the same time, a wooden canvas has the following features:
- untreated raw materials quickly absorb moisture;
- the presence of cracks and knots;
- flammability.
To reduce absorption, the board is dried, treated with hot steam and impregnations.
Massive doors
Before the manufacture of wooden doors, it is recommended to determine the features of the production process. The dacha can be protected from robbers by a massive cloth, for the manufacture of which thick sheet pile or planed boards are used. The resulting design is strengthened by horizontal or inclined jumpers.
For the manufacture of a massive entrance door use cedar, larch or oak. Such wood is characterized by a dense structure and textured pattern.
If the project of the summer cottage includes a bathhouse, then linden and pine are used to equip the opening. The bathhouse should be operated after processing the wood with an antiseptic.
Panel doors
For the manufacture of paneling, boards and beams obtained by gluing lamellas are used. Then the workpiece is covered with veneer. Before you build the canvas, a drawing is prepared. It indicates the configuration of the panels. It can be the same or different. Instead of wooden elements, you can use glass.
To equip the vertical and transverse elements, you will need to glue the beam. For the manufacture of the canvas, a floorboard of the appropriate thickness is used. Spikes are used to fix individual elements.
If a panel is used for the manufacture of the canvas, you need to consider:
- the reliability of the product is directly affected by the amount of cross;
- a home-made box is formed from a bar, and a rail or plastic is used to make the panel;
- glazing bead is used to fix the panels.
Since the panel door is small in thickness, it is considered the best option to equip the interior doorway.
Panel doors
The panel box is made of fiberboard, veneer or laminate. The frame is assembled from boards. As a shield, sheets of fiberboard, MDF or chipboard are used.
Considered canvases are classified into the following types:
- solid - are filled with bars fastened together;
- hollow - are made of side and transverse bars. Lining is used for cladding;
- shallow - have different filling.
To independently create a high-quality canvas, the frame is pre-coated with glued plywood. The material is laid in 2 layers. The size of 1 layer is 24 mm. This technology prevents deformation of the coating..
Tools for work
From the tools you will need:
- to create grooves and holes, you will need a milling cutter;
- hacksaw;
- to polish the ends of the doors, you need a planer;
- chisels;
- a hammer;
- screwdriver.
To assemble the doors you will need the following materials:
- dowel boards;
- self-tapping screws;
- glue.
Acquired wood is additionally dried. Boards are laid so that they do not touch each other.
Lumber selection
Before assembling the canvas, an individual plan of upcoming work is drawn up. Particular attention is paid to the selection of boards. The following criteria are taken into account:
- financial opportunities;
- acquisition of “commercial wood;
- residual humidity - 15%;
- checking the evenness of the material;
- thickness of boards - 25-50 mm;
- the array is polished.
Step-by-step manufacturing instructions
Any phased plan for the manufacture of the door involves the assembly of the shield. If installation of a cloth in a bath is provided, then simple assembly of a board is carried out. To fix the boards, transverse and longitudinal elements are used. A warm box for the home is made taking into account aesthetics. The assembled shield is ground.
Making a door from solid wood
The step-by-step plan for assembling the web includes the right choice of consumables. To make a shield, grooved boards with a thickness of more than 25 mm will be required. Then the consumable is sawn into pieces.
When assembling the shield, it is recommended to take into account the direction of the annual rings. To connect the tongue-and-groove boards, a thorn-groove lock and wood glue are used. If the consumables are non-grooved boards, then they are collected with glue.
Work is carried out on the surface of a large area. The collected coating is tightened with clamps. If the shield is dry, it is milled. In order to have good sound insulation, it is recommended to assemble a shield from several layers of boards. The resulting structure is clamped with clamps.
For strapping, the cross members installed at the top, in the middle and at the bottom of the cover are used. Marking for grooves is performed on the canvas. The recesses to be made should be ½ of the thickness of the consumable.
Using a milling cutter holes. It is more difficult to cut the grooves manually. This will require a chisel. A rubber mallet is used to insert the cross member. If it is planned to apply a drawing to the resulting shield, then its outline according to the template is circled in advance. A cutter is used for cutting.
Then the painting is carried out with pre-treatment with an antiseptic. On the canvas and the box make markings for the installation of loops. The marking for the handle and the lock is similarly performed. The last stage is the canopy of the canvas into the opening.
Panel door manufacturing
Instructions for the manufacture of thyroid tissue allows the use of finely filled boards. Specialists distinguish 3 methods of assembly of such a design:
- preliminary assembly of the frame with the subsequent filling of its internal space. Using this technology, you can create a solid or finely filled shield;
- separate manufacture of the shield with its subsequent fixation in the frame. The last stage - lining with finishing material;
- the manufactured shield is mounted in the frame, faced.
To assemble the canvas according to the first technique, primary strapping is carried out. She will determine the size of the future door. For the construction, a bar with a section of 30 × 120 mm is used. Consumables are cut according to the dimensions of the future design.
The next step is to select the type of connection in the corners. Experts advise using the "half tree" method. Accurate marking of future grooves is an important stage in the assembly of the shield.
All grooves are coated with glue. The joining of the beam is carried out on a flat but large area. If the glue has dried, the joints are fixed with pins. To do this, through holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm.
For facing the frame, plywood or fiberboard is used. The marking is carried out, the frame is removed. The frame is returning to its original place. It must be pressed to the facing material treated with glue.
To fill the interior, MDF is used. It is glued to the bottom sheet of finishing material. But first the glue should dry well. In parallel, it is recommended to prepare consumables for the outer cladding of the canvas.
If you need to glue 2 sheets, then the first sheet is fiberboard, and the second is laminated material or shf. The resulting design is sent under the press.
It is possible to sheathe the door with natural wooden battens. They are fixed to the frame. The holes made are filled with a mixture of glue and sawdust. If the surface has dried, it is treated with sandpaper. All corners and ends are processed by a mill. A handle and a lock cut into the finished door leaf, hinges are fixed. The door is mounted in the appropriate box.
Using a similar methodology, a frame door is made - the internal space is additionally strengthened by beams. But before starting work, accurate calculations are carried out, a drawing is prepared.
Panel door manufacturing
To make a panel door, you will need special carpentry tools and experience. The structural components are made of plywood, massive boards. A drawing is prepared in advance, on which 4 panels are marked.
The frame is made of timber. It is pre-treated with a mill. Then a groove is made on one side of it. Spikes are cut on the crossbars, and the edges are milled. In the grooves, insert panels and mediators.
The end part of the coating, which will go to the end of the canvas, should be flat. Slots are made in the vertical elements to assemble the structure.
To make panels, plywood or chipboard is used. Some panel elements are replaced by glass. In this case, glazing beads are additionally used. Panels with a flat plane are mounted and framed with a glazing bead.
Otherwise, the panels are milled. In this way, a relief configuration is created. Plywood is used for the manufacture of panels. Each element of the future canvas is treated with an antiseptic, dried.
All parts are assembled in a single design on a flat surface, and each spike is coated with special glue. Step-by-step door assembly:
- gluing the crossbars into the grooves of the vertical bars;
- installation of middle men;
- installation of the remaining panels;
- gluing a vertical bar;
- fixing glazing beads for decoration.
To install the spikes into the grooves, a rubberized hammer is used. The canvas is lined on the sides. A corner is used to check the corners. The coating is compressed by clamps.
On the canvas, markings are made for installing loops and handles with a lock. Fittings are installed after finishing work. Acrylic paint or varnish is used for finishing. To get a dark coating, use a stain.
Warming and soundproofing
Insulation is used to conduct thermal insulation work. With its help, that part of the canvas that is covered with fiberboard is glued. If the foam gets out of the frame, it is cut with a knife. Finishing material is fixed on top - fabric or leatherette. A stapler is used to fix the material. Read more about this in the article “How to insulate an entrance wooden door”.
Painting
The next step is the processing and decoration of the manufactured structure. It is recommended to adhere to the following plan:
- processing the coating with sandpaper or a grinding machine;
- wood impregnation with an antiseptic. The first layer should dry well. Then the processing is repeated;
- the canvas is covered with special putty, which can be replaced with a primer. In this case, the canvas is processed 2 times. But each applied layer should dry well. This will take about 2 days;
- paint, varnish, stain are used to finish the coating. The stain should be applied to the primer. Taking into account the desired shade, the corresponding number of stains is applied. It will take 4 hours to dry each coat. To fix the result, the stain is coated with two layers of varnish.
Specialists advise treating the door with special protective agents against moisture and pests.. If the door leaf will be installed in the apartment, then it is covered with flame retardant. To perform a more complex version of the scenery, you will need the help of a specialist. Read more about painting and processing the door in the article “Painting wooden doors“.