It is not enough to simply install windows or doors: it is necessary to give the opening an aesthetic appearance. The simplest and cheapest option is plaster slopes. If the work is done correctly, then the insulation and moisture protection of the opening are provided.
Well-made slopes have the following characteristics:
- providing waterproofing of the installation joint;
- abrasion resistance during cleaning;
- they tolerate the effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation;
- provide thermal insulation.
In the form of manufacture, the slopes are: oblique and straight, narrow and wide, external and internal.
Necessary tools and some activities before starting work
In order to perform quality work, you will need the following tools:
- water construction level;
- small;
- pencil for marking;
- narrow and wide spatula;
- the container in which the mixture is prepared;
- rule
- Master OK;
- a hammer;
- grater, grater or trowel.
Before you start plastering, you need to prepare your workplace.
To begin, cover the window sill with a film, cloth or cardboard so that it does not suffer during plastering. Then you need to protect the double-glazed window: for this, you can simply stick the film on the glass using tape. Carefully cut the remnants of the mounting foam.
Preparation of mortar for plastering
To perform plastering the surface, first you need to prepare a solution. In addition, you need to calculate the consumption of plaster. As a binder in the solution may be gypsum, cement or clay. In addition, various fillers are present, sand is most often used.
Do-it-yourself plastering of slopes can be done both from a ready-made purchased mixture, and prepared independently. Finding the finished composition is the easiest: there all the necessary proportions are observed to get a solution that has all the necessary characteristics. Before buying, calculate the consumption of plaster.
For plastering slopes in wooden and stone buildings, you can use a solution that includes slaked lime. Extinguishing lime is a must, because if you take quicklime, the surface will swell.
For interior decoration in a dry room, slopes can be made with gypsum plaster. Gypsum quickly hardens and dries well. Its disadvantage is hygroscopicity, therefore it cannot be used externally.
The most durable will be a slope made of cement. Such a solution quickly hardens. Apply it both inside and outside the building. Clay is used only for plastering in wooden structures.
For the filler that is added to the solution, river sand is most often taken. Sea sand contains an excess of salt, and mountain sand contains clay impurities. Before use, sand must be sieved - this ensures uniformity of the mixture, which will help to get a flat surface.
Preparatory work
This is an important step, because on an improperly prepared surface, the plaster will not adhere well, may crack and fall off.
First you need to level the surface. To do this, follow these steps:
- check the verticality of the slopes;
- the evenness of the walls is controlled, if necessary, they need to be plastered;
- in the presence of large potholes, a special metal mesh is used, which is nailed to the surface of the slope.
After completing this step, it is necessary to clean up the contaminants. For this, various means are used depending on the wall material and the type of pollution:
- concrete walls are treated with a solution of hydrochloric acid and washed with water;
- dirt can be cleaned using a wire brush;
- the old paint, by which the slope was previously processed, must be cleaned up.
After cleaning, it is necessary to make incisions on the concrete wall, part of the solution is removed from the gaps between the bricks - all this will provide better adhesion of the wall to the solution. Be sure to primer before plastering.
Updating the old plastered doorway
If you chose this type of finish, you need to know that sooner or later you will have to repair the plaster of the slopes inside the building. First of all, this will require the removal of old paint, then the entire slope area is tapped and pieces of the precipitated solution are removed. All cracks need to be cleaned, stains and mold removed. Deep potholes are moistened with water, then with soil and filled with a solution. After such a procedure, you need to wait for drying. After that, you can continue to work with the slope.
Stages of surface plastering
Before you begin, you need to know how to slope. To do this, follow these steps:
- to begin with, a little solution is diluted to a more liquid state and applied to the surface to provide better adhesion;
- the plaster solution is thrown by sharp movements to the surface: it should adhere, but not drain from it;
- have to wait until the first layer dries;
- if plaster mix is used, it is necessary to apply a corner for plaster of slopes. It is mounted using a level;
- they distribute the mixture along the slope with the help of the malka, moving it from the bottom up. Please note that the solution should not fall on the frame;
- after drying, correct the angles;
- then wipe the entire surface with a grater;
- when everything is dry, a primer is applied and the slopes are decoratively decorated with stucco, paint or wallpaper.
It is most convenient to carry out plastering of slopes on lighthouses. For this, a paint corner is placed outside to obtain a beautiful angle, which is well fixed with a solution. A beacon is installed along the frame, on which the tool will be supported to cut off the excess layer of the solution.
After the preliminary stage of plastering, the solution is poured onto the plane in a bottom-up direction. Then, they move the rule along the lighthouses and remove the excess layer, putting it back into the container.
The plaster mixture is usually smeared on the upper slope. If the surface is prepared correctly, then there are no problems. It is possible to carry out work with a rotband. This is a ready-made mixture, which can be purchased at a hardware store.
After the first layer has dried out, finish surface plastering is performed. This will require a more fluid consistency of the composition. The mixture is applied in the same manner as the rough coat and stretched as a rule. Now it’s important to get a smooth and even surface. Leaving the plastered surface for several hours (about a day), proceed to grout it.
The liquid solution is diluted to such a state that it can be poured onto the surface. The work is done with a grater. A solution is applied to it and distributed on the surface in a circular motion. This step is optional if plastering of slopes is planned.
Finish slopes plaster field
If the slope is to be painted, then the plane should be made perfectly smooth. This is achieved by applying two layers of putty: start and finish. The starting mixture has larger grain and application is possible with a layer of up to 1 centimeter. After the first layer dries, apply the finish. This layer is thinner, after drying it is necessary to grout all the unnecessary protrusions and irregularities with a grid. If it is decided to stick wallpaper for painting, then it is enough to stop on the starting layer of putty.
In the case when the window or door was replaced and the slope was not badly damaged, it is enough to restore it, that is, to repair the plaster of the slopes inside the building. This will require less work: it is enough to throw large potholes with the solution and level the entire surface.
Plastering door and arched slopes
The plastering of both the slopes of the door and the arches is carried out by analogy, as is the plastering of the window openings. The same materials and solutions are used, it is necessary to fix the corners to create a hard corner. If during installation of the door the slope is not badly damaged, you can repair the plaster of the slopes inside the building.
Before you start plastering the door slopes, you need to prepare the surface. To do this, remove the old paint, putty and discourage poorly adhering parts of the plaster. Then you need to moisten and prime everything.
To get high-quality plaster of corners, you can fix a special metal or plastic perforated corner with a mesh. It is fixed with self-tapping screws or plaster mortar. After everything is leveled and fixed, you can start plastering the slopes.
According to technology, the first layer is poured onto the surface and left to dry. After that, the surface is completely overwritten and the plane of slopes is displayed. If you encounter a very uneven slope and the layer of plaster exceeds one centimeter, you must use a grid, otherwise cracks may appear on the finished plane.
Carrying out work on the upper slope, attach the rail on which the rule will be based. After applying the first layer, you need to take a break to dry, after which you can apply a second layer, which will have a smooth surface.
If the doors are not installed for arches, an angle-protective profile for plaster is placed on both sides of the opening. After plastering the side slopes, you need to do the upper arched.
To do this, measure and cut two arched patterns that are fixed on both sides to the walls. They begin to sprinkle the solution and distribute it with a special tool - a semicircular half-terter. The radius of the arch is displayed according to the mounted templates. Dismantling the template must be done after the mixture has completely dried.
Useful Tips
Remember that plastering can be carried out in a room in which at least 6 degrees of heat. If this rule is not observed, the quality of the slopes will be low.
Carefully read the instructions for preparing the solution that the manufacturer applies to the package. Shelf life is also important, because after its expiration the mixture will not have the necessary characteristics. An expiration date that is close to expiration may also not affect the final result very well.
When working with plastic windows, do not forget to make a groove along the entire perimeter between the frame and slopes 5 mm deep. After the solution has dried, the recess is filled with silicone sealant. This contributes to the fact that during intense heat with an increase in the volume of plastic, the slope will not crack.